Social Determinants of Health – Sex/Gender

The following information is compiled and presented by Quality of Care NL, an applied health and social systems research and evaluation program aimed at improving social and health outcomes in Newfoundland and Labrador. This page is best viewed in full screen on a computer. Click here to download a PDF version of the information presented below.

Gender powerfully shapes all aspects of health and well-being and is recognized as a key social determinant in the World Health Organization (WHO) social determinants of health framework. It is considered a significant factor that influences population health and contributes to health inequalities.

In this context, gender refers to an individual’s attributes, roles, responsibilities, and expectations in a given society based on their gender expression and how others perceive it (in contrast to sex being about the biological, physiological, genetic and hormonal bodily characteristics of a person)1. Gender, and its relationship with race, ethnicity, culture, class, age, disability and/or other status, can influence access to resources, determine involvement in activities and impact behaviour. This can lead to poorer health outcomes and well-being amongst vulnerable individuals such as women.

1Miani C, Wandschneider L, Niemann J, Batram-Zantvoort S, Razum O. Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology-A scoping review. PLoS One. 2021 Nov 3;16(11):e0259223. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259223. PMID: 34731177; PMCID: PMC8565751.

Quality of Care NL acknowledges that gender expression exists on a spectrum and not as a binary. Due to limited data availability on gender as well as privacy concerns, this sex/gender-based analysis is limited to male/female or men/women. Please note, the use of the terms sex, gender, male/female and men/women in this analysis originate from the data sources.

Quality of Care NL supports the case for more inclusive data collection practices. To learn more about the importance of capturing gender in data collection, check out the following post from HDRN Canada.

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The data below are broken down into the following sections:

Income | Food Security | Education | Employment | Society | Health | Good Governance
Market Basket Measure (MBM)

The market basket measure (MBM) is the official measure of poverty in Canada. The MBM is based on the cost of a specific basket of goods and services (including food, clothing, shelter, transportation and other necessities) representing a modest, basic standard of living.

  • Overall from 2015 to 2020, low income prevalence decreased for both males and females in NL and Canada. Since 2020, low income prevalence has increased for all groups. (top figure)
  • From 2015 to 2022, low income prevalence was higher for females compared to males in both NL and Canada (except for 2018). This gap in low income prevalence between males and females was larger in NL compared to Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2022, males in NL ranked second among the Canadian provinces for low income prevalence and females in NL ranked fourth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Newfoundland & Labrador Market Basket Measure (NLMBM)

The Newfoundland and Labrador MBM (NLMBM) is produced by the Newfoundland and Labrador Statistics Agency (NLSA) and has the same definition and similar methodology as the MBM but it uses income tax data, rather than survey data, to determine if households or families are in low income. It is based on all tax filers and as such provides a more complete picture of low income prevalence within NL. The MBM and NLMBM values for the province differ slightly for each year because of this distinction.

  • From 2016 to 2020, low income prevalence decreased for both males and females in NL but has increased for both since 2020. (top figure)
  • Extreme low income prevalence has remained fairly consistent for both males and females with the exception of a small decrease in 2020. (top figure)
  • While low income prevalence has been higher for females compared to males in NL, the proportion of extreme low income has been similar for both groups. (bottom figure)
Financial Well-Being

Financial Well-Being is based on a household’s own assessment of its ability to meet its financial needs in terms of transportation, housing, food, clothing, and other necessary expenses. Financial well-being was measured using the following question: “In the past 12 months, how difficult or easy was it for your household to meet its financial needs in terms of transportation, housing, food, clothing, and other necessary expenses?” The possible response categories included: very difficult, difficult, neither difficult nor easy, easy and very easy.

  • Overall, from Q3 2021 to Q3 2023, the proportion of men and women living in a household that reported facing financial difficulty increased in both NL and across Canada. (top figure)
  • In NL, the proportion of men living in a household that reported facing financial difficulty increased by 68% from Q3 2021 to Q3 2023 and the proportion of women increased by 90% (corresponding proportions for Canada were 87% for men and 72% for women). (top figure)
  • From Q1 2022 to Q4 2022, men and women in NL were at higher risk of living in a household that reported facing financial difficulty when compared to men and women across Canada. From Q2 2023 onwards, rates for men and women in NL were similar to rates for men and women across Canada. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2023, men in NL ranked third among the Canadian provinces for the proportion of men living in a household that reported facing financial difficulty. Women in NL ranked fifth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Canadian Income Survey

In Canada, food insecurity is measured through the Household Food Security Survey Module of the Canadian Income Survey (CIS). Households are classified into one of four categories: food secure; marginally food insecure; moderately food insecure; severely food insecure.

  • Overall, food insecurity rates have increased from 2019 to 2023 for males and females in NL and across Canada. (top figure)
  • From 2019 to 2023, food insecurity rates in NL increased by 39% for males and 35% for females (the Canadian rates were 35% and 38%, respectively). (top figure)
  • The prevalence of males and females living in food-insecure households is higher in NL compared to males and females across Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2023, the proportion of individuals living in food-insecure households was 17% higher for males in NL compared to males in Canada and 10% higher for females in NL compared to females in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In 2023, males in NL ranked fourth among the Canadian provinces for the proportion of individuals living in food-insecure households and females ranked fifth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Educational Attainment: No High School Diploma

Educational attainment refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed.

  • Overall, from 2006 to 2021, the proportion of men and women (aged 25-64 years) without a high school diploma decreased in both NL and across Canada.(top figure)
  • In 2021, the proportion of individuals without a high school diploma was 27% higher for men in NL compared to men in Canada and 30% higher for women in NL compared to women in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • From 2006 to 2021, the proportion of individuals without a high school diploma was higher for men compared to women in both NL and across Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2021, men and women in NL ranked tenth among the Canadian provinces for the proportion of individuals aged 25-64 years without a high school diploma (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Educational Attainment: Postsecondary Certificate, Diploma or Degree
  • Overall, from 2006 to 2021, the proportion of men and women (aged 25-64 years) with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree has increased slightly in both NL and across Canada. However, proportions in NL remain lower than across Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2021, the proportion of individuals with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree was 5% lower for men in NL compared to men in Canada and 8% lower for women in NL compared to women in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • From 2006 to 2021, the proportion of individuals with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree has increased more for women than men in both NL and across Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2021, men in NL ranked sixth among the Canadian provinces for the proportion of individuals aged 25-64 years with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree and women ranked seventh (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET)

Young people who are NEET may be experiencing difficulties transitioning from school to the labour market, and could be at risk for low income and social exclusion.

  • From 2018 to 2024, the percentage of youth not in employment, education or training was higher for males compared to females in both NL and across Canada. The gap between males and females was much larger for NL compared to Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2024, the proportion of young people who were NEET was 31% higher for males in NL compared to males in Canada. For females, percentages in NL and Canada were the same. (bottom figure)
  • In 2024, males in NL had the highest percentage of youth not in education, employment or training (rank 10) among the Canadian provinces and females in NL ranked fifth (tied with ON) (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Future Outlook

Future outlook was measured using the following question: “Thinking about your life in general, how often would you say you have a hopeful view of the future?”. The possible response categories included: always, often, sometimes, rarely and never.

  • Overall, from Q3 2021 to Q3 2024, the proportion of men and women with a hopeful view of the future has decreased in both NL and Canada. (top figure)
  • From Q3 2021 to Q3 2024, having a hopeful view of the future decreased by more than 25% for men and more than 20% for women in NL (corresponding proportions for Canada were 14% for men and 11% for women). (top figure)
  • Having a hopeful view of the future has generally been higher for women compared to men in both NL and Canada (with a few exceptions). (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL had the lowest proportion of both men and women with a hopeful view of the future (rank 10) among the Canadian provinces (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Labour Force Status: Employment Rate

The employment rate is the number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of the population aged 15 years and over.

  • Both males and females in NL have lower employment rates compared to their Canadian counterparts. (top figure)
  • In 2024, the employment rate was 17% lower for males in NL compared to males in Canada and 10% lower for females in NL compared to females in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • From 2018 to 2024, the employment rate has been lower for females compared to males in both NL and across Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2024, NL had the lowest rate of employment (rank 10) for both males and females among the Canadian provinces (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Labour Force Status: Unemployment Rate

The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons expressed as percentage of the labour force.

  • Overall, from 2018 to 2024, the unemployment rate has decreased for males and females in NL but remained fairly steady for males and females across Canada (with the exception of an increase in 2020). (top figure)
  • Both males and females in NL have higher unemployment rates compared to their Canadian counterparts. (top figure)
  • In 2024, the unemployment rate was 84% higher for males in NL compared to males in Canada and 27% higher for females in NL compared to females in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • From 2018 to 2024, the unemployment rate was higher for males compared to females in NL but very similar for males and females across Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2024, NL had the highest rate of unemployment (rank 10) for both males and females among the Canadian provinces (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Minimum Wage

The minimum wage is the lowest wage rate an employer is legally allowed to pay its employees.

  • From 2019 onwards, the incidence of employees earning minimum wage or less has increased for both men and women in NL.
  • From 2018 to 2023, the incidence of employees earning minimum wage or less has been consistently higher for women compared to men.
  • In 2023, the incidence of employees earning minimum wage or less was 30% higher for women compared to men.


Job Permanency

Permanent employment brings peace of mind and can lead to better employee life quality and social well-being. In addition to getting a steady paycheck and job security, permanent employees enjoy advantages such as health insurance, retirement savings plans and paid time off.

Temporary employment (such as precarious or gig work), however, can lead to stress and anxiety and can take a toll on an individual’s psychological well-being due to its lack of benefits and uncertain, unstable, and insecure nature.

  • Overall, from 2018 to 2024, the proportion of the population employed in a permanent job has remained fairly stable in NL and across Canada (with the exception of males in NL who have seen a slight increase in job permanency). (top figure)
  • From 2020 onwards, job permanency rates have been similar for males and females in NL (and similar for males and females across Canada). (top figure)
  • In 2024, job permanency rates were 12% lower for males in NL compared to males in Canada and 7% lower for females in NL compared to females in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • Temporary employment is higher for both males and females in NL compared to Canada (more people in NL are employed in seasonal work). (top figure)
  • In 2024, NL had the lowest rates of job permanency for both males and females (rank 10) among the Canadian provinces (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction was measured using the following question: “In general, how satisfied are you with your job?”. The possible response categories included: very satisfied, satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, dissatisfied and very dissatisfied.

  • In Q3 2022, women had a higher rate of job satisfaction compared to men in NL but had a lower rate of job satisfaction across Canada.
  • Job satisfaction rates were comparable for men in both NL and Canada but were higher for women in NL compared to Canada.
  • NL men ranked sixth in job satisfaction among the Canadian provinces and women ranked fourth (1=best and 10=worst).


Life Satisfaction

Life satisfaction was measured using the following question, “Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means ‘Very dissatisfied’ and 10 means ‘very satisfied’, how do you feel about your life as a whole right now?”

  • Life satisfaction has generally been higher in NL compared to Canada for both men and women (with a few exceptions). (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, life satisfaction was higher for both men and women in NL compared to men and women in Canada (15% higher for men and 13% higher for women). (bottom figure)
  • In NL, higher life satisfaction has fluctuated between men and women. Across Canada, rates have been similar for both men and women. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked second for life satisfaction among the Canadian provinces and NL women ranked third (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Sense of Meaning and Purpose

Sense of meaning and purpose was measured using the following question, “Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means ‘Not at All’ and 10 means ‘Completely’, to what extent do you feel the things you do in your life are worthwhile?”

  • Sense of meaning and purpose has generally been higher in NL compared to Canada for both men and women (with a few exceptions). (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, having a greater sense of meaning and purpose was 6% higher for men in NL compared to men in Canada and 7% higher for women in NL compared to women in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In NL, having a greater sense of meaning and purpose has fluctuated between men and women. Across Canada, women have had a slightly greater sense of meaning and purpose compared to men. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked fourth among the Canadian provinces and NL women ranked third (tied with SK) (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Social Cohesion and Connections: Sense of Belonging to Local Community

Sense of belonging to local community was measured using the following question, “How would you describe your sense of belonging to your local community?”. The possible response categories included: very strong, somewhat strong, somewhat weak, very weak, no opinion.

  • Sense of belonging to local community has been higher in NL compared to Canada for both men and women (except for Q2 2024). (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, sense of belonging to local community was 15% higher for men in NL compared to men in Canada and 6% higher for women in NL compared to women in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • Sense of belonging to local community has been similar for men and women in NL (except for Q2 2024). The same applies for men and women across Canada. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked first among the Canadian provinces for sense of belonging to local community and NL women ranked third (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Social Cohesion and Connections: Someone to Count On

Someone to count on was measured using the following question, “How often would you say you have people you can depend on to help you when you really need it?” The possible response categories included: always, often, sometimes, rarely, never.

  • From Q3 2021 to Q3 2024, the proportion of individuals having someone to count on when needed has fluctuated slightly for both men and women in NL and Canada. (top figure)
  • Across Canada, women report a slightly higher rate of having someone to count on when needed compared to men. In NL, there is no consistent trend by gender over time. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked third among the Canadian provinces for having someone to count on when needed and NL women ranked sixth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Social Cohesion and Connections: Trust in Others

Trust in others was measured using the following question, “Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you cannot be too careful in dealing with people?”.

  • Having trust in others has decreased slightly for both men and women in NL and across Canada from Q2 2022 to Q4 2022. (top figure)
  • Having trust in others was lower for women compared to men in both NL and across Canada. (top figure)
  • In Q4 2022, having trust in others was 11% lower for women compared to men in NL and 8% lower for women compared to men across Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In Q4 2022, NL men ranked sixth (tied with NS) among the Canadian provinces for having trust in others and NL women ranked eighth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Social Cohesion and Connections: Satisfaction with Personal Relationships (family and friends)

Satisfaction with personal relationships was measured using the following question, “On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you feel ‘Not at All Satisfied’ and 10 means you are ‘Completely satisfied’: How satisfied are you with your personal relationships?”

  • In Q3 2021, satisfaction with personal relationships was higher for both men and women in NL compared to their counterparts across Canada.
  • Across Canada, NL men ranked third for having a high level of satisfaction with their personal relationships and NL women ranked first (1=best and 10=worst).


Social Cohesion and Connections: Loneliness

Loneliness was measured using the following question, “How often do you feel lonely?”. The possible response categories included: always, often, sometimes, rarely, never.

  • Across Canada, the proportion of the population reporting they always or often felt lonely was higher for women compared to men from Q3 2021 to Q3 2024. This trend was similar for women compared to men in NL (except for Q4 2022 and Q2 2023). (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, the proportion of the population reporting they always or often felt lonely was 22% higher for women compared to men in both NL and Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked fourth (tied with QC) among the Canadian provinces for the proportion of the population reporting they always or often felt lonely and NL women also ranked fourth (1=worst and 10=best)1. (bottom figure)

1This is swapped because always or often feeling lonely is a bad thing.

Culture and Identity: Sense of Belonging to Canada

Sense of Belonging to Canada was measured using the following question, “How would you describe your sense of belonging to Canada?” The possible response categories included: very strong, somewhat strong, somewhat weak, very weak, no opinion.

  • In Q2 2022, sense of belonging to Canada varied by Province and gender.
  • In Q2 2022, having a strong sense of belonging to Canada was 9% higher for women compared to men in NL. Across Canada, rates were similar for men and women.
  • Across Canada, NL men ranked ninth for the proportion of individuals reporting a strong sense of belonging to Canada and NL women ranked fourth (1=best and 10=worst).


Satisfaction with Time Use

Satisfaction with time use was measured using the following question, “On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you feel ‘Not at All Satisfied’ and 10 means you are ‘Completely satisfied’: How satisfied are you with the amount of time you have to do the things that you like doing?”

  • Overall from Q3 2021 to Q2 2024, satisfaction with the amount of free time decreased for both men and women in NL and Canada. In Q3 2024, satisfaction with time use increased for all groups. (top figure)
  • Across Canada, men and women report similar satisfaction with their amount of free time. From Q3 2022 onwards, men in NL have reported higher satisfaction with their amount of free time than women. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, satisfaction with time use was 25% higher for men in NL compared to men in Canada and 16% higher for women in NL compared to women in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked first among the Canadian provinces for satisfaction with their amount of free time and NL women ranked third (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Healthy People: Health-adjusted Life Expectancy

Health-adjusted life expectancy is the number of years in good health that an individual can expect to live given the current morbidity and mortality conditions. Health-adjusted life expectancy is not only a measure of quantity of life but also a measure of quality of life.

  • From 2000/2002 to 2015/2017, health-adjusted life expectancy was lower in NL compared to Canada for both males and females and this gap has grown. (top figure)
  • In 2000/2002 health adjusted life expectancy was 0.2 years lower for males in NL compared to males in Canada and 0.4 years lower for females in NL compared to Canada. In 2015/2017, it was 2.5 years lower for males and 4.1 years lower for females in NL compared to Canada. (top figure)
  • In 2015/2017, NL males ranked ninth for health-adjusted life expectancy among the Canadian provinces and NL females ranked tenth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Healthy People: Self-rated Mental Health

Self-rated mental health was measured using the following question, “In general, how is your mental health?” The possible response categories included: excellent, very good, good, fair or poor.

  • Across Canada, excellent or very good self-rated mental health rates were higher for men compared to women from Q2 2021 to Q3 2023. In NL, there was no consistent trend by gender over time. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2023, excellent or very good self-rated mental health rates were 13% higher for men in NL compared to men in Canada but similar for women in NL and Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In Q3 2023, NL men ranked second among the Canadian provinces for the proportion of those reporting excellent or very good mental health and NL women ranked fourth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Healthy People: Self-rated Health

Self-rated health was measured using the following question, “In general, how is your health?” The possible response categories included: excellent, very good, good, fair or poor.

  • Across Canada, excellent or very good self-rated health rates were slightly higher for men compared to women from Q2 2021 to Q3 2023. In NL, there was no consistent trend by gender over time. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2023, excellent or very good self-rated health rates were approximately 10% higher for both men and women in NL compared to men and women in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In Q3 2023, both men and women in NL ranked first among the Canadian provinces for the proportion of those reporting excellent or very good health (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Health Services: Regular Health Care Provider

Access to health care is fundamental to health and staying well. Having reasonable and equitable access to universal health services facilitates earlier diagnosis, lowers mortality and comorbidity rates, and leads to improved physical, mental, emotional and social outcomes. However, when barriers such as provider availability, inadequate health insurance coverage, cost of non-insured health services (e.g. dental care, prescription drugs and mental health counselling), socio-cultural issues and health literacy prevent people from getting these services, health suffers.

  • From 2015 to 2022, the proportion of individuals reporting they had a regular health care provider increased slightly for both males and females across Canada. In NL, rates remained fairly stable for both males and females up until 2020 but decreased for both groups by 2022. (top figure)
  • Females in NL and across Canada were more likely to report having a regular health care provider compared to males. (top figure)
  • In 2022, both males and females in NL ranked eighth among the Canadian provinces for having a regular health care provider (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Confidence in Institutions: Police

This indicator was measured using the following question, “Using a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 means ‘No confidence at all’ and 5 means ‘A great deal of confidence’, how much confidence do you have in the police?”

  • In NL, confidence in the police has decreased for women since Q4 2022 but have increased for men during this time. Across Canada, rates remained more stable for men and women. (top figure)
  • From Q2 2022 to Q4 2023, confidence in the police was higher for women compared to men in NL. In Q3 2024, rates were higher for men in NL. Across Canada, confidence in the police has been similar for men and women. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, men in NL ranked second among the Canadian provinces for their confidence in the police and women ranked ninth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Confidence in Institutions: Justice System & Courts

This indicator was measured using the following question, “Using a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 means ‘No confidence at all’ and 5 means ‘A great deal of confidence’, how much confidence do you have in the justice system and courts?”

  • Confidence in the justice system and courts decreased for both men and women in NL from Q2 2022 to Q4 2023. Since Q4 2023, confidence in NL continued to decrease for women but increased for men. Across Canada, rates decreased for men and women from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023 but increased again after Q2 2023. (top figure)
  • From Q2 2022 to Q3 2024, confidence in the justice systems and courts was lower for both men and women in NL compared to men and women across Canada (except for Q3 2024). (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, confidence in the justice system and courts was 33% lower for women in NL compared to women in Canada but similar for men in NL compared to men in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked fourth among the Canadian provinces for their confidence in the justice system and courts and NL women ranked tenth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Confidence in Institutions: School System

This indicator was measured using the following question, “Using a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 means ‘No confidence at all’ and 5 means ‘A great deal of confidence’, how much confidence do you have in the school system?”

  • Overall, from Q2 2022 to Q3 2024, confidence in the school system decreased for women in NL and for both men and women across Canada. For men in NL, confidence decreased from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023 but increased again after this point. (top figure)
  • Confidence in the school system has been slightly higher for both men and women in NL compared to men and women across Canada from Q2 2022 to Q3 2024 (with a few exceptions). (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked first for their confidence in the school system among the Canadian provinces and NL women ranked eighth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



Confidence in Institutions: Federal Parliament

This indicator was measured using the following question, “Using a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 means ‘No confidence at all’ and 5 means ‘A great deal of confidence’, how much confidence do you have in Federal Parliament?”

  • From Q2 2022 to Q3 2024, confidence in Federal Parliament decreased for both men and women in NL. Since Q4 2023, confidence in NL continued to decrease for women but increased for men. Across Canada, rates decreased for men and women from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023 but increased again after Q2 2023. (top figure)
  • From Q2 2022 to Q4 2023, confidence in Federal Parliament was higher for women compared to men in both NL and Canada. After Q4 2023, confidence remained higher for women compared to men across Canada but in NL confidence was higher for men compared to women. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, confidence in Federal Parliament was 15% lower for women compared to men in NL and 13% higher for women compared to men in Canada. (bottom figure)
  • In Q3 2024, men in NL ranked fifth among the Canadian provinces for their confidence in Federal Parliament and women in NL ranked ninth (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)
Confidence in Institutions: Canadian Media

This indicator was measured using the following question, “Using a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 means ‘No confidence at all’ and 5 means ‘A great deal of confidence’, how much confidence do you have in the Canadian media?”

  • Overall from Q4 2022 to Q3 2024, confidence in the Canadian Media increased for both men and women in NL and Canada. (top figure)
  • From Q4 2022 to Q3 2024, confidence in the Canadian Media was higher for women compared to men in NL. In Canada, rates for men and women were similar until Q2 2023 but after this confidence in the Canadian Media was higher for women. (top figure)
  • In Q3 2024, NL men ranked fourth among the Canadian provinces for their confidence in the Canadian Media and NL women ranked second (1=best and 10=worst). (bottom figure)



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